The ministry said Thursday that ground-to-air missile systems will be deployed at the Batajnica base at the outskirts of the Serbian capital, Belgrade.
This is the first time that such systems will be deployed in military exercises outside Russia, a Russian ministry statement said.
The units will be part of the second phase of the Russia-Serbia military exercises, which will continue until October 29.
The first phase of the exercises was conducted in the Russian region of Astrakhan in September.
Serbia, while aiming for EU membership, maintains close ties with Russia.
During a visit to Belgrade last week, Russian Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev said he expects his Serbian counterpart, Ana Brnabic, to sign a free trade agreement with the Eurasian Economic Union when she visits Moscow on October 25.