In recent years, Albania has faced a steady and ongoing wave of emigration, with notable consequences in various sectors, including education. As of October 7, 2024, around 117,000 students have enrolled in universities—down by 3.6% compared to the previous academic year. This decline in student enrollment reflects a broader trend seen over the past few years, affecting not only higher education but also other educational cycles.
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| Young students at the door of the University of Tirana, September 7, 2024 |
What’s Behind This Decline?
The primary driver of this situation is the high rate of emigration, particularly among young people who are the main participants in higher education. Albania's aging population, combined with a diminishing interest in pursuing academic studies, has exacerbated the issue. This declining interest stems from multiple factors: dissatisfaction with the quality of university education and a growing sense of disillusionment regarding future job prospects. Many young Albanians are beginning to believe that a university degree will not necessarily lead to well-paying employment.
Economic Consequences
The decreasing number of students and schoolchildren has both short- and long-term economic implications. Lower levels of education across the population result in a less skilled and less productive workforce. Over time, this could significantly slow the country’s economic growth. A less educated workforce is less capable of driving innovation, attracting investment, or contributing to key industries, all of which are vital for long-term prosperity.
Insufficient Investment in Education
While the current figures highlight an alarming present and future for higher education, investment in the sector remains minimal. Albania allocates only 2.9% of its GDP to education, the lowest percentage in the region and far below the EU average. This underfunding leads to additional costs being placed on students, as universities struggle to provide adequate facilities, materials, and practical learning opportunities. As a result, many students are forced to work while studying to cover their expenses, creating further barriers to academic success.
A Need for Change
If this trend continues unchecked, Albania risks falling further behind in terms of workforce development and economic competitiveness. Increased investment in the education sector, better support for students, and a stronger focus on retaining young talent within the country are crucial steps that must be taken to reverse this decline. Without these changes, the country could face an even more severe brain drain, leaving future generations with limited opportunities for growth and success.