Today marks the anniversary of the Great Highlands Uprising of 1911, a significant chapter in the struggle for Albanian national liberation from Ottoman rule. This revolt, led by the brave highlanders of Malësia e Madhe, stands as a symbol of resilience and unwavering patriotism.
The harsh measures imposed by Ottoman forces against the unarmed population and any expression of Albanian nationalism only fueled the growing dissatisfaction with the Young Turk regime. The expedition led by Shefqet Turgut Pasha forced many highlanders to seek refuge in Montenegro or flee into the mountains, but their spirit remained unbroken.
In response to the oppressive circumstances, secret Albanian committees began preparations for a new uprising, initially planned for May 1911. However, Montenegrin King Nicholas harbored ambitions to expand his influence into northern Albania, complicating the situation. The uprising erupted prematurely on March 24, 1911, led by the legendary Dedë Gjo Luli. After fierce battles, the highlanders managed to liberate Tuzi and proudly raised the Albanian flag, a powerful statement of defiance and unity.
The premature outbreak disrupted the broader strategy for a coordinated national rebellion, leaving other Albanian regions unprepared. Nevertheless, the leaders of the uprising convened a historic assembly at Pllaja e Gërçës in Malësia e Madhe. There, they drafted and signed a Memorandum containing 12 demands addressed to the Ottoman authorities. Among the key demands were the recognition of the Albanian nation, the unification of Albanian-inhabited vilayets, and the establishment of Albanian-language schools.
The Gërçë Memorandum embodied the aspirations for Albanian autonomy, envisioning a future where Albanians could govern their own affairs and preserve their language, culture, and identity. Although the uprising was eventually suppressed, it laid the groundwork for the broader national movement that would culminate in Albania's declaration of independence in 1912.
The Great Highlands Uprising remains an enduring testament to the courage and determination of the Albanian people, reminding future generations of the sacrifices made for freedom and national unity.