A new threat is rapidly spreading through the waters of the Mediterranean Sea: the Lagocephalus sceleratus, commonly known as the silver-cheeked toadfish or pufferfish. This exceptionally toxic and invasive species is expanding its reach towards the coasts of Italy, Albania, and Croatia. Originating from the Indian Ocean, it entered the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal, a phenomenon known as "Lessepsian migration."
Recently, this dangerous fish has been sighted in the northern Adriatic Sea, marking its most significant expansion in the region to date. It now poses a serious risk to both the delicate marine ecosystem and human health. The reason? This fish contains tetrodotoxin – a potent neurotoxin that is reportedly 100 times more lethal than cyanide, and for which there is no known antidote. According to A2 CNN, a mere few milligrams are enough to cause paralysis, respiratory arrest, and ultimately, death.
In Europe, the consumption of this fish is strictly prohibited. In Japan, a similar species known as "fugu" is prepared only by highly trained chefs, yet even there, the risk remains significant. In the case of the silver-cheeked toadfish, the toxin concentration is so high that safe processing is virtually impossible.
Beyond the direct threat to humans, this invasive species is also menacing the biodiversity of the Mediterranean. It is an aggressive predator that feeds on molluscs and small fish, causing significant damage to native populations, A2 reports. With a high reproduction rate and a lack of natural predators in its new environment, it is spreading unchecked. Local fishermen are also facing damage to their nets and fishing gear due to the presence of this larger, disruptive fish.
In several countries such as Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus, authorities have begun offering rewards to fishermen who catch this species in an effort to control its spread. Even in Spain and Italy, measures are being taken, ranging from including the fish on lists of invasive species to launching public awareness campaigns to educate people about the dangers.
Scientists warn that due to climate change and the rising temperatures in the Mediterranean Sea, this species may already be establishing itself as a permanent part of the ecosystem. This alarming development underscores the urgent need for continued monitoring, public education, and coordinated efforts to mitigate the impact of this deadly invader on the Mediterranean's marine environment and public health.